Chitosan Wastewater Treatment

Hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho dej, feem ntau siv flocculants yog txhuas ntsev thiab hlau ntsev, cov ntsev txhuas seem hauv cov dej kho yuav ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv, thiab cov ntsev hlau seem yuav cuam tshuam rau cov xim dej, thiab lwm yam; nyob rau hauv feem ntau Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev kov yeej cov teeb meem kev ua qias tuaj thib ob xws li cov sludge loj thiab nyuaj pov tseg ntawm sludge. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav cov khoom ntuj tsim uas tsis ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig los hloov txhuas ntsev thiab hlau ntsev flocculants yog qhov xav tau rau kev siv cov tswv yim txhim kho niaj hnub no. Ntuj polymer flocculants tau nyiam ntau cov xim ntawm ntau cov flocculants vim lawv cov khoom siv ntau, tus nqi qis, kev xaiv zoo, me me, kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab ua tiav biodegradation. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tej yam ntuj tso polymer flocculants nrog txawv zog thiab kev siv tau tshwm sim, uas starch, lignin, chitosan thiab zaub kua nplaum yog tam sim no dav siv.

ChitosanCov khoom

Chitosan yog dawb amorphous, translucent flaky khoom, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv acid, uas yog deacetylation khoom ntawm chitin. Feem ntau hais lus, chitosan tuaj yeem hu ua chitosan thaum N-acetyl pawg hauv chitin raug tshem tawm ntau dua 55%. Chitin yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm exoskeletons ntawm cov tsiaj thiab kab, thiab yog lub thib ob loj tshaj plaws natural organic compound nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tom qab cellulose. Raws li flocculant, chitosan yog ntuj, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab degradable. Muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl, amino pawg thiab qee pawg N-acetylamino faib rau ntawm macromolecular saw ntawm chitosan, uas tuaj yeem tsim cationic polyelectrolytes nrog cov nqi siab ceev hauv cov kua qaub, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo li hauv network los ntawm kev siv hydrogen bonds lossis ionic. daim ntawv cog lus. Cage molecules, yog li complexing thiab tshem tawm ntau cov tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem hnyav hlau ions. Chitosan thiab nws cov derivatives muaj ntau yam kev siv, tsis yog tsuas yog hauv textile, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, papermaking, tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, biology thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ntau lwm yam kev lag luam muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev kho dej, siv tau. raws li adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane npaj, thiab lwm yam. Chitosan tau raug pom zoo los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency ua ib tug purifying neeg sawv cev rau haus. dej vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo hauv kev siv dej thiab kev kho dej.

Daim ntawv thov ntawmChitosanhauv Kev Kho Dej

(1) Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv lub cev dej. Hauv cov dej ntuj, nws dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob colloid vim muaj cov kab mob av nplaum, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov saw hlau ntev cationic polymer, chitosan tuaj yeem ua si ob txoj haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob neutralization thiab coagulation thiab adsorption thiab bridging, thiab muaj zog coagulation. cuam ​​tshuam rau cov tshuaj uas raug tshem tawm. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj alum thiab polyacrylamide ua flocculants, chitosan muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. RAVID et al. tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho flocculation ntawm ib qho kaolin dej faib thaum chitosan pH tus nqi yog 5-9, thiab pom tias flocculation tau cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm pH tus nqi, thiab qhov zoo pH tus nqi ntawm turbidity tshem tawm yog 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L flocculant, turbidity tshem tawm tus nqi siab tshaj 90%, thiab cov flocs tsim yog ntxhib thiab ceev, thiab tag nrho cov flocculation sedimentation lub sij hawm tsis pub tshaj 1h; tab sis thaum tus nqi pH txo qis los yog nce, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm flocculation txo, qhia tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim pH ntau, chitosan tuaj yeem tsim cov polymerization zoo nrog cov kab lus kaolin. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum flocculated bentonite ncua kev kawm raug kho nrog chitosan, qhov tsim nyog pH tus nqi yog dav. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov dej turbid muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li kaolin, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm bentonite ua coagulant los txhim kho cov polymerization ntawmchitosanntawm cov particle. Tom qab ntawd, RAVID et al. pom tias

Yog hais tias muaj humus nyob rau hauv kaolin los yog titanium dioxide ncua kev kawm ntawv, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau flocculate thiab precipitate nws nrog chitosan, vim hais tias cov tsis zoo nqi humus yog txuas rau saum npoo ntawm cov hais, thiab cov humus ua rau nws yooj yim los kho tus nqi pH. Chitosan tseem pom zoo flocculation zog rau tej yam ntuj tso dej lub cev nrog sib txawv turbidity thiab alkalinity.

(2) Tshem tawm algae thiab kab mob los ntawm lub cev dej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qee cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau pib kawm txog qhov adsorption thiab flocculation ntawm chitosan ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg xws li algae thiab kab mob. Chitosan muaj cov nyhuv tshem tawm ntawm cov dej tsis qab ntsev, xws li Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella thiab xiav-ntsuab algae. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias rau cov dej tsis qab ntsev, kev tshem tawm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pH ntawm 7; rau marine algae, pH qis dua. Qhov tsim nyog npaum li cas ntawm chitosan nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm algae hauv lub cev dej. Qhov siab dua qhov concentration ntawm algae, ntau npaum li cas ntawm chitosan yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj chitosan nyhav ua rau flocculation thiab nag lossis daus. sai dua. Turbidity tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tshem tawm ntawm algae. Thaum tus nqi pH yog 7,5mg / Lchitosantuaj yeem tshem tawm 90% ntawm turbidity hauv dej, thiab qhov siab dua cov algae concentration, cov coarser floc hais thiab qhov zoo dua cov sedimentation kev ua tau zoo.

Kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic pom tau tias cov algae uas raug tshem tawm los ntawm flocculation thiab sedimentation tsuas yog sib sau ua ke thiab ua ke, thiab tseem nyob hauv lub xeev tsis muaj zog. Txij li thaum chitosan tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov tsiaj hauv dej, cov dej kho tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov dej hauv dej tshiab, tsis zoo li lwm cov hluavtaws flocculants rau kev kho dej. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm ntawm chitosan ntawm cov kab mob yog qhov nyuaj. Los ntawm kev kawm cov flocculation ntawm Escherichia coli nrog chitosan, nws pom tau hais tias lub unbalanced bridging mechanism yog lub ntsiab mechanism ntawm lub flocculation system, thiab chitosan tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm tes khib nyiab. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm chitosan flocculation ntawm E. coli nyob ntawm tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub chargeability ntawm dielectric tab sis kuj nyob rau ntawm nws hydraulic dimension.

(3) Tshem tawm cov txhuas seem thiab ntxuav cov dej haus. Aluminium ntsev thiab polyaluminium flocculants tau dav siv hauv cov txheej txheem dej kais dej, tab sis kev siv cov txhuas ntsev flocculants tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntxiv hauv cov dej haus. Residual txhuas nyob rau hauv cov dej haus yog ib qho teeb meem loj rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias chitosan kuj muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej seem, vim tias nws yog ib qho tsis muaj tshuaj lom alkaline aminopolysaccharide, cov seem yuav tsis ua mob rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm chitosan thiab inorganic flocculants xws li polyaluminum chloride tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm residual txhuas. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev kho dej haus, chitosan muaj qhov zoo uas lwm cov hluavtaws organic polymer flocculants hloov tsis tau.

Kev siv chitosan hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab

(1) Tshem tawm cov hlau ions. Molecular saw ntawmchitosanthiab nws cov derivatives muaj ntau pawg amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg, yog li nws muaj cov nyhuv chelating ntawm ntau cov hlau ions, thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau los yog ntes cov hlau hnyav hauv cov tshuaj. Catherine A. Eiden thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm chitosan rau Pb2 + thiab Cr3 + (hauv chav tsev ntawm chitosan) nce mus txog 0.2 mmol / g thiab 0.25 mmol / g, raws li, thiab muaj zog adsorption muaj peev xwm. Zhang Ting'an et al. siv deacetylated chitosan kom tshem tau tooj liab los ntawm flocculation. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum pH tus nqi yog 8.0 thiab qhov loj ntawm tooj liab ions hauv cov qauv dej qis dua 100 mg / L, tus nqi tshem tawm tooj liab yog tshaj 99%; Qhov loj concentration yog 400mg / L, thiab qhov loj ntawm tooj liab ions nyob rau hauv cov kua residual tseem ua tau raws li lub teb chaws pov tseg cov qauv. Lwm qhov kev sim ua pov thawj tias thaum pH = 5.0 thiab lub sijhawm adsorption yog 2h, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm chitosan rau Ni2 + hauv adsorption tshuaj nickel plating khib nyiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 72.25%.

(2) Kho cov dej khib nyiab nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj protein ntau xws li cov dej khib nyiab. Thaum lub sij hawm ua zaub mov, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj ntau ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm raug tso tawm. Lub chitosan molecule muaj amide pawg, amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg. Nrog lub protonation ntawm cov amino pawg, nws qhia lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cationic polyelectrolyte, uas tsis tsuas yog muaj ib tug chelate nyhuv ntawm hnyav hlau, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo flocculate thiab adsorb tsis zoo them nqi zoo nyob rau hauv dej. Chitin thiab chitosan tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes los ntawm hydrogen bonding nrog cov proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, thiab lwm yam. Fang Zhimin li al. sivchitosan, aluminium sulfate, ferric sulfate thiab polypropylene phthalamide ua flocculants kom rov qab tau cov protein los ntawm cov nqaij nruab deg ua dej khib nyiab. High protein rov qab tus nqi thiab effluent lub teeb transmittance yuav tau. Vim hais tias chitosan nws tus kheej tsis muaj kuab lom thiab tsis muaj kuab paug thib ob, nws tuaj yeem siv los rov siv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig xws li cov protein thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov zaub mov ua zaub mov rau kev ua thiab rov siv dua, xws li ntxiv rau kev pub tsiaj noj.

(3) Kev kho cov luam ntawv thiab dyeing cov dej khib nyiab. Kev luam ntawv thiab dyeing dej khib nyiab yog hais txog cov dej khib nyiab tawm ntawm paj rwb, ntaub plaub, tshuaj fiber ntau thiab lwm yam khoom siv textile hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm pretreatment, dyeing, luam ntawv thiab xov. Nws feem ntau muaj cov ntsev, cov organic surfactants thiab dyes, thiab lwm yam, nrog cov khoom nyuaj, chroma loj thiab siab COD. , thiab txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm anti-oxidation thiab anti-biodegradation, uas yog heev txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Chitosan muaj cov amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg, thiab muaj zog adsorption nyhuv ntawm dyes, xws li: lub cev adsorption, tshuaj adsorption thiab ion pauv adsorption, feem ntau los ntawm hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion pauv, van der Waals quab yuam, hydrophobic kev sib raug zoo, thiab lwm yam. nyhuv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv molecular ntawm chitosan muaj ntau ntawm cov thawj amino pawg, uas tsim ib qho zoo heev polymer chelating tus neeg saib xyuas los ntawm kev sib koom tes, uas muaj peev xwm agglutinate dyes nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis tsim cov pa phem thib ob.

(4) Siv rau hauv sludge dewatering. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov chaw kho dej hauv nroog siv cationic polyacrylamide los kho cov sludge. Kev xyaum tau pom tias tus neeg sawv cev no muaj cov nyhuv flocculation zoo thiab yooj yim rau dewater sludge, tab sis nws cov residue, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog acrylamide monomer, yog ib tug muaj zog carcinogen. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev los nrhiav nws hloov. Chitosan yog cov tshuaj sludge zoo, uas yuav pab tsim cov kab mob activated sludge micelles, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov teeb meem tsis zoo raug tshem tawm thiab cov teeb meem organic hauv cov tshuaj, thiab txhim kho kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem activated sludge. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov polyaluminum chloride / chitosan composite flocculant tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv sludge txias, tab sis kuj piv nrog kev siv ib leeg PAC lossis chitosan, cov sludge tshwj xeeb kuj ua ntej mus txog qhov qis, thiab qhov pom tus nqi siab dua. Nws yog ceev thiab yog ib tug zoo txias txias; Tsis tas li ntawd, peb hom carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan thiab O-carboxymethyl chitosan) yog siv raws li flocculant tau sim ntawm dewatering kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov sludge, thiab nws tau pom tias cov flocs tsim tau. muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim rau tawg, qhia tias cov nyhuv ntawm flocculant rau sludge dewatering yog qhov zoo dua li cov flocculants zoo tib yam.

Chitosanthiab nws cov derivatives yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov peev txheej, ntuj, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, degradable, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom tib lub sijhawm. Lawv yog cov tshuaj kho dej ntsuab. Nws cov khoom siv raw, chitin, yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm chitosan hauv kev kho dej muaj qhov pom tseeb kev loj hlob sai. Raws li ib tug natural polymer uas hloov pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, chitosan tau pib siv rau hauv ntau lub teb, tab sis kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev tseem muaj qhov sib txawv piv nrog rau lwm lub teb chaws siab heev. Nrog rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm chitosan thiab nws cov derivatives, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hloov kho chitosan nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws, nws muaj ntau dua thiab ntau dua daim ntawv thov. Tshawb nrhiav kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm chitosan hauv kev kho dej thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig ntawm chitosan derivatives nrog ntau daim ntawv thov dav yuav muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam dav dav thiab kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov.

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