Hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej ib txwm muaj, cov flocculants siv dav tshaj plaws yog cov ntsev txhuas thiab cov ntsev hlau, cov ntsev txhuas uas tseem nyob hauv cov dej kho yuav ua rau tib neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov ntsev hlau seem yuav cuam tshuam rau xim dej, thiab lwm yam; hauv feem ntau Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, nws nyuaj rau kov yeej cov teeb meem kev ua qias tuaj theem ob xws li cov sludge ntau thiab cov sludge pov tseg nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav cov khoom ntuj uas tsis ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj theem ob rau ib puag ncig los hloov cov ntsev txhuas thiab cov ntsev hlau flocculants yog qhov xav tau rau kev siv cov tswv yim kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov niaj hnub no. Cov polymer flocculants ntuj tau nyiam ntau qhov kev saib xyuas ntawm ntau cov flocculants vim lawv cov khoom siv raw ntau, tus nqi qis, kev xaiv zoo, cov tshuaj me me, kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab kev puas tsuaj tag nrho. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, ntau cov polymer flocculants ntuj nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab kev siv tau tshwm sim, ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, lignin, chitosan thiab kua nplaum zaub tam sim no siv dav.
ChitosanCov Khoom
Chitosan yog ib yam khoom dawb amorphous, translucent flaky khoom, insoluble hauv dej tab sis soluble hauv acid, uas yog cov khoom deacetylation ntawm chitin. Feem ntau hais lus, chitosan tuaj yeem hu ua chitosan thaum N-acetyl pawg hauv chitin raug tshem tawm ntau dua 55%. Chitin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm exoskeletons ntawm cov tsiaj thiab kab, thiab yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws organic compound hauv ntiaj teb tom qab cellulose. Ua ib tug flocculant, chitosan yog ntuj, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab degradable. Muaj ntau hydroxyl pawg, amino pawg thiab qee cov N-acetylamino pawg faib rau ntawm macromolecular saw ntawm chitosan, uas tuaj yeem tsim cationic polyelectrolytes nrog cov nqi siab ceev hauv cov kua qaub, thiab kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo li network los ntawm kev siv hydrogen bonds lossis ionic bonds. Cage molecules, yog li ua kom sib xyaw thiab tshem tawm ntau yam tshuaj lom thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem hnyav hlau ions. Chitosan thiab nws cov derivatives muaj ntau yam kev siv, tsis yog tsuas yog hauv textile, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, papermaking, tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj lom neeg, biology thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ntau lwm yam teb muaj ntau daim ntawv thov nqi, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev kho dej, tuaj yeem siv ua adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane preparations, thiab lwm yam. Chitosan tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency ua tus neeg sawv cev purifying rau dej haus vim nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv dej thiab kev kho dej.
Daim ntawv thov ntawmChitosanhauv Kev Kho Dej
(1) Tshem tawm cov khoom khov uas raug tshem tawm hauv lub cev dej. Hauv cov dej ntuj, nws dhau los ua lub kaw lus colloid uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo vim muaj cov kab mob av nplaum, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov polymer cationic ntev, chitosan tuaj yeem ua ob txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab coagulation thiab adsorption thiab bridging, thiab muaj cov nyhuv coagulation muaj zog rau cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Piv nrog cov tshuaj alum thiab polyacrylamide ib txwm muaj ua flocculants, chitosan muaj cov nyhuv zoo dua. RAVID et al. tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho flocculation ntawm cov dej kaolin ib zaug thaum chitosan pH tus nqi yog 5-9, thiab pom tias flocculation tau cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm pH tus nqi, thiab tus nqi pH zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm turbidity yog 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L flocculant, tus nqi tshem tawm turbidity tshaj 90%, thiab cov flocs tsim tawm yog ntxhib thiab ceev, thiab tag nrho cov flocculation sedimentation lub sijhawm tsis tshaj 1 teev; tab sis thaum tus nqi pH txo qis lossis nce ntxiv, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm flocculation txo qis, qhia tias tsuas yog Hauv qhov ntau pH nqaim heev, chitosan tuaj yeem tsim cov polymerization zoo nrog cov khoom kaolin. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum flocculated bentonite suspension kho nrog chitosan, qhov ntau pH tsim nyog yog dav. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov dej turbid muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li kaolin, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov bentonite tsim nyog ua cov coagulant los txhim kho polymerization ntawmchitosanntawm cov khoom me me. Tom qab ntawd, RAVID et al. pom tias
Yog tias muaj humus nyob rau hauv kaolin lossis titanium dioxide suspension, nws yooj yim rau flocculate thiab precipitate nws nrog chitosan, vim tias cov humus uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab humus ua rau nws yooj yim los kho tus nqi pH. Chitosan tseem qhia tau tias muaj cov khoom flocculation zoo dua rau cov dej ntuj uas muaj ntau yam turbidity thiab alkalinity sib txawv.
(2) Tshem tawm cov algae thiab cov kab mob ntawm lub cev dej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qee tus neeg txawv teb chaws tau pib kawm txog kev nqus thiab flocculation ntawm chitosan ntawm cov kab ke colloid xws li algae thiab cov kab mob. Chitosan muaj cov nyhuv tshem tawm ntawm cov algae dej tshiab, uas yog Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella thiab xiav-ntsuab algae. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias rau cov algae dej tshiab, kev tshem tawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pH ntawm 7; rau cov algae dej hiav txwv, pH qis dua. Qhov koob tshuaj chitosan tsim nyog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm algae hauv lub cev dej. Qhov siab dua qhov concentration ntawm algae, qhov ntau dua ntawm cov koob tshuaj chitosan yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab qhov nce ntawm cov koob tshuaj chitosan feem ntau ua rau flocculation thiab nag lossis daus. sai dua. Turbidity tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm algae. Thaum tus nqi pH yog 7, 5mg / Lchitosantuaj yeem tshem tawm 90% ntawm qhov turbidity hauv dej, thiab qhov siab dua qhov algae concentration, qhov coarser cov floc particles thiab qhov zoo dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm sedimentation.
Kev kuaj xyuas microscopic qhia tau hais tias cov algae uas tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm flocculation thiab sedimentation tsuas yog sib sau ua ke thiab lo ua ke, thiab tseem nyob hauv lub xeev tsis muaj teeb meem thiab ua haujlwm. Vim tias chitosan tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov tsiaj hauv dej, cov dej kho tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb dej tshiab, tsis zoo li lwm cov flocculants hluavtaws rau kev kho dej. Lub tshuab tshem tawm ntawm chitosan ntawm cov kab mob yog qhov nyuaj heev. Los ntawm kev kawm txog flocculation ntawm Escherichia coli nrog chitosan, nws pom tias lub tshuab tsis sib npaug yog lub tshuab tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus flocculation, thiab chitosan tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm cov khib nyiab cell. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm chitosan flocculation ntawm E. coli tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov them ntawm dielectric tab sis kuj nyob ntawm nws qhov hydraulic dimension.
(3) Tshem tawm cov txhuas seem thiab ua kom dej haus huv. Cov ntsev txhuas thiab cov polyaluminum flocculants siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej kais, tab sis kev siv cov ntsev txhuas flocculants tuaj yeem ua rau cov txhuas ntau ntxiv hauv dej haus. Cov txhuas seem hauv dej haus yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias chitosan kuj muaj teeb meem ntawm cov dej seem, vim tias nws yog cov tshuaj alkaline aminopolysaccharide uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom, cov seem yuav tsis ua rau tib neeg lub cev raug mob, thiab nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem kho tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv ua ke ntawm chitosan thiab cov inorganic flocculants xws li polyaluminum chloride tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txhuas seem. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev kho dej haus, chitosan muaj qhov zoo uas lwm cov khoom siv polymer organic flocculants tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
Daim Ntawv Thov Chitosan Hauv Kev Kho Mob Dej Khib Nyhiab
(1) Tshem tawm cov hlau ions. Cov saw hlau molecular ntawmchitosanthiab nws cov derivatives muaj ntau tus lej ntawm cov amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg, yog li nws muaj cov nyhuv chelating rau ntau cov hlau ions, thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau lossis ntes cov hlau hnyav ions hauv cov tshuaj. Catherine A. Eiden thiab lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm chitosan rau Pb2 + thiab Cr3 + (hauv chav ntawm chitosan) ncav cuag 0.2 mmol / g thiab 0.25 mmol / g, feem, thiab muaj lub peev xwm adsorption muaj zog. Zhang Ting'an et al. siv deacetylated chitosan los tshem tawm tooj liab los ntawm flocculation. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias thaum tus nqi pH yog 8.0 thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov tooj liab ions hauv cov qauv dej qis dua 100 mg / L, tus nqi tshem tawm tooj liab yog tshaj 99%; Qhov concentration ntawm cov tooj liab yog 400mg / L, thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov tooj liab ions hauv cov kua seem tseem ua tau raws li tus qauv dej khib nyiab hauv tebchaws. Lwm qhov kev sim tau ua pov thawj tias thaum pH = 5.0 thiab lub sijhawm adsorption yog 2 teev, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm chitosan mus rau Ni2 + hauv cov kua dej pov tseg nickel plating adsorption tuaj yeem ncav cuag 72.25%.
(2) Kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov protein ntau xws li cov dej khib nyiab zaub mov. Thaum lub sijhawm ua zaub mov, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov khoom khov kho ntau heev raug tso tawm. Lub molecule chitosan muaj amide pawg, amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg. Nrog rau protonation ntawm amino pawg, nws qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cationic polyelectrolyte, uas tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov nyhuv chelating rau cov hlau hnyav, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo flocculate thiab adsorb cov khoom me me uas muaj nqi tsis zoo hauv dej. Chitin thiab chitosan tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes los ntawm hydrogen bonding nrog cov protein, amino acids, fatty acids, thiab lwm yam. Fang Zhimin et al. sivchitosan, txhuas sulfate, ferric sulfate thiab polypropylene phthalamide ua cov flocculants los rov qab tau cov protein los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab ua khoom noj hiav txwv. Muaj cov protein rov qab tau zoo thiab cov dej khib nyiab xa tau lub teeb. Vim tias chitosan nws tus kheej tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj kuab paug thib ob, nws tuaj yeem siv los rov ua dua cov khoom siv tau xws li protein thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov chaw ua khoom noj rau kev ua thiab rov siv dua, xws li ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom noj ua zaub mov tsiaj.
(3) Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab luam ntawv thiab zas xim. Cov dej khib nyiab luam ntawv thiab zas xim yog hais txog cov dej khib nyiab uas tawm ntawm paj rwb, ntaub plaub, tshuaj fiber thiab lwm yam khoom siv textile hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho ua ntej, zas xim, luam ntawv thiab ua tiav. Nws feem ntau muaj cov ntsev, cov organic surfactants thiab cov xim zas, thiab lwm yam, nrog cov khoom sib xyaw, cov xim loj thiab COD siab. , thiab tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab tiv thaiv biodegradation, uas yog qhov teeb meem loj heev rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Chitosan muaj cov amino pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg, thiab muaj cov nyhuv adsorption muaj zog rau cov xim zas, suav nrog: kev adsorption lub cev, kev adsorption tshuaj thiab kev hloov pauv ion adsorption, feem ntau los ntawm hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction, thiab lwm yam. Tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv molecular ntawm chitosan muaj ntau tus lej ntawm cov amino pawg thawj coj, uas tsim cov polymer chelating agent zoo heev los ntawm kev sib koom tes, uas tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke cov xim zas hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis tsim cov pa phem thib ob.
(4) Kev siv rau hauv kev tshem dej sludge. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov chaw kho dej phwj hauv nroog siv cationic polyacrylamide los kho sludge. Kev xyaum tau qhia tias tus neeg sawv cev no muaj cov nyhuv flocculation zoo thiab yooj yim rau dewater sludge, tab sis nws cov seem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog acrylamide monomer, yog ib qho carcinogen muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev los nrhiav nws hloov. Chitosan yog ib qho sludge conditioner zoo, uas pab tsim cov kab mob sludge micelles, uas tuaj yeem agglomerate cov khoom tsis zoo uas raug tshem tawm thiab cov organic hauv cov tshuaj, thiab txhim kho kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem sludge. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias polyaluminum chloride / chitosan composite flocculant tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb hauv kev kho sludge, tab sis kuj piv nrog kev siv ib qho PAC lossis chitosan, qhov kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb sludge thawj zaug ncav cuag qhov qis, thiab tus nqi lim dej siab dua. Nws yog ceev thiab yog ib qho conditioner zoo dua; ntxiv rau, peb hom carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan thiab O-carboxymethyl chitosan) yog siv los ua flocculant tau sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm dewatering ntawm sludge, thiab nws tau pom tias cov flocs tsim tau muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim tawg, qhia tias cov nyhuv ntawm flocculant ntawm sludge dewatering zoo dua li ntawm cov flocculants ib txwm muaj.
Chitosanthiab nws cov khoom siv yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov peev txheej, ntuj, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, lwj, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom tib lub sijhawm. Lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev kho dej ntsuab. Nws cov khoom siv raw, chitin, yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic compound hauv ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev txhim kho ntawm chitosan hauv kev kho dej muaj lub zog loj hlob pom tseeb. Raws li cov polymer ntuj uas hloov cov khib nyiab mus rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, chitosan tau pib siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov khoom hauv tsev tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv piv rau lwm lub tebchaws siab heev. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus ntawm chitosan thiab nws cov khoom siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chitosan hloov kho nrog cov khoom siv zoo heev, nws muaj ntau dua thiab ntau dua daim ntawv thov nqi. Tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis siv ntawm chitosan hauv kev kho dej thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo rau ib puag ncig ntawm chitosan derivatives nrog ntau daim ntawv thov yuav muaj tus nqi lag luam dav heev thiab kev cia siab daim ntawv thov.
Quitosano, chitosan manufacturers, mua chitosan, soluble chitosan, chitosan siv, nqe ntawm chitosan, chitosan ua liaj ua teb, chitosan nqe ib kg, chitin chitosan, quitosano comprar, chitosan ua liaj ua teb khoom, chitosan hmoov nqe, chitosan ntxiv, chitosan rau kev kho dej khib nyiab, chitosan oligosaccharide, chitosan soluble hauv dej, chitin thiab chitosan, chitosan nqe hauv pakistan, chitosan antimicrobial, chitin chitosan qhov sib txawv, chitosan hmoov nqe, chitosan crosslinking, chitosan solubility hauv ethanol, chitosan rau muag philippines, chitosan Thaib teb, chitosan siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, chitosan nqe ib kg, chitosan cov txiaj ntsig, chitosan solvent, chitosan viscosity, chitosan ntsiav tshuaj, Chitosan, chitosan nqe, Chitosan Hmoov, dej soluble chitosan, Soluble Chitosan, chitin chitosan, chitosan daim ntawv thov, Chitin, Peb txais tos koj tuaj xyuas peb lub tuam txhab & lub Hoobkas thiab peb lub chaw tso khoom qhia ntau yam khoom thiab cov kev daws teeb meem uas yuav ua tau raws li koj xav tau. Lub caij no, nws yooj yim mus saib peb lub vev xaib. Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm muag khoom yuav sim lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws rau koj. Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj peb.tiv tauj pebntawm E-mail, fax lossis xov tooj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-09-2022