Cia kuv qhia txog SAP uas koj xav paub ntxiv tsis ntev los no! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) yog ib hom khoom siv polymer tshiab. Nws muaj lub zog nqus dej siab uas nqus dej ntau pua txog ntau txhiab npaug hnyav dua nws tus kheej, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Thaum nws nqus dej thiab o mus ua hydrogel, nws nyuaj rau cais cov dej txawm tias nws raug nias. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li cov khoom siv tu cev tus kheej, kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse.
Cov tshuaj nplaum uas nqus tau zoo yog ib hom macromolecules uas muaj cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab cov qauv sib txuas. Nws tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm Fanta thiab lwm tus los ntawm kev sib txuas cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog polyacrylonitrile thiab tom qab ntawd saponifying. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, muaj cov koob hmoov txhuv nplej siab (grafted, carboxymethylated, thiab lwm yam), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, thiab lwm yam), cov koob polymer hluavtaws (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl cawv, polyoxy Ethylene series, thiab lwm yam) hauv ntau pawg. Piv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin muaj ntau yam zoo xws li tus nqi tsim khoom tsawg, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm siab, muaj peev xwm nqus dej tau zoo, thiab lub neej txee khoom ntev. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tshawb fawb tam sim no hauv daim teb no.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no yog dab tsi? Tam sim no, polyacrylic acid suav txog 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv super absorbent resin. Cov super absorbent resin feem ntau yog cov polymer electrolyte uas muaj cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab cov qauv sib txuas. Ua ntej nqus dej, cov saw polymer nyob ze rau ib leeg thiab sib koom ua ke, sib txuas ua ke los tsim cov qauv network, kom ua tiav qhov kev sib txuas tag nrho. Thaum sib cuag nrog dej, cov dej molecules nkag mus rau hauv cov resin los ntawm capillary kev ua thiab diffusion, thiab cov pab pawg ionized ntawm cov saw yog ionized hauv dej. Vim yog qhov electrostatic repulsion ntawm tib cov ions ntawm cov saw, cov saw polymer ncab thiab swells. Vim yog qhov xav tau ntawm hluav taws xob neutrality, counter ions tsis tuaj yeem tsiv mus rau sab nraud ntawm cov resin, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ion concentration ntawm cov tshuaj hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov resin tsim lub siab osmotic rov qab. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm lub siab osmosis rov qab, dej ntxiv nkag mus rau hauv cov resin los tsim hydrogel. Tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv sib txuas network thiab hydrogen bonding ntawm cov resin nws tus kheej txwv tsis pub nthuav dav ntawm gel. Thaum cov dej muaj me ntsis ntsev, qhov rov qab osmotic siab yuav txo qis, thiab tib lub sijhawm, vim yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov counter ion, cov saw polymer yuav ntsws, ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntawm lub peev xwm nqus dej ntawm cov resin. Feem ntau, lub peev xwm nqus dej ntawm cov super absorbent resin hauv 0.9% NaCl kua tsuas yog li 1/10 ntawm cov dej deionized. Kev nqus dej thiab kev khaws dej yog ob qho ntawm tib qhov teeb meem. Lin Runxiong et al. tau tham txog lawv hauv thermodynamics. Hauv qab qee qhov kub thiab siab, cov super absorbent resin tuaj yeem nqus dej tau tus kheej, thiab cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov resin, txo qhov enthalpy dawb ntawm tag nrho lub kaw lus kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov sib npaug. Yog tias dej khiav tawm ntawm cov resin, ua rau cov enthalpy dawb nce, nws tsis zoo rau kev ruaj khov ntawm lub kaw lus. Kev tshuaj xyuas thermal sib txawv qhia tau tias 50% ntawm cov dej nqus los ntawm cov super absorbent resin tseem nyob hauv lub network gel saum toj no 150 ° C. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias muaj kev siv siab ntawm qhov kub ib txwm, dej yuav tsis khiav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj super absorbent, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom thermodynamic ntawm cov tshuaj super absorbent.
Lub sijhawm tom ntej, qhia lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm SAP.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-08-2021