Cov khoom ua kom cov dej khovFeem ntau hu ua "kev lag luam panacea", uas muaj ntau yam kev siv. Ua ib txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua hauv kev kho dej, nws tuaj yeem siv los txhawb kev nag thawj zaug ntawm cov dej phwj, kev kho dej ntws thiab kev nag thib ob tom qab txoj kev ua kom cov dej phwj tuaj. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho mob theem peb lossis kev kho dej phwj siab. Hauv kev kho dej, feem ntau muaj qee yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv coagulation (koob tshuaj), cov yam no nyuaj dua, suav nrog qhov kub ntawm dej, pH tus nqi thiab alkalinity, qhov xwm txheej thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv dej, cov xwm txheej txuag dej sab nraud, thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ntawm dej
Qhov kub ntawm dej muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev siv tshuaj, thiab qhov kub tsawg hauv lub caij ntuj no
muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev siv tshuaj, uas feem ntau ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm cov flocs nrog cov khoom me me thiab xoob. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog:
Lub hydrolysis ntawm inorganic ntsev coagulants yog ib qho endothermic reaction, thiab lub hydrolysis ntawm cov dej kub qis coagulants yog qhov nyuaj.
Qhov viscosity ntawm cov dej kub qis yog loj, uas ua rau lub zog Brownian txav ntawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv
cov dej thiab txo qhov muaj feem ntawm kev sib tsoo, uas tsis zoo rau kev tsis ruaj khov thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov colloids thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm flocs.
Thaum cov dej kub qis, qhov dej ntawm cov khoom colloidal tau txhim kho, uas cuam tshuam qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom colloidal, thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau lub zog lo ntawm cov khoom colloidal.
Qhov kub ntawm dej muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog pH ntawm dej. Thaum qhov kub ntawm dej qis, tus nqi pH ntawm dej nce ntxiv, thiab tus nqi pH zoo tshaj plaws rau kev coagulation kuj yuav nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij ntuj no hauv thaj chaw txias, nws nyuaj rau kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev coagulation txawm tias muaj ntau cov tshuaj coagulant ntxiv rau.
2. pH thiab Alkalinity
Tus nqi pH yog qhov qhia txog seb cov dej puas yog acidic lossis alkaline, uas yog hais tias, qhov qhia txog H + concentration hauv dej. Tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej nyoos ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov hydrolysis reaction ntawm coagulant, uas yog, thaum tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej nyoos nyob hauv ib qho ntau yam, cov nyhuv coagulation tuaj yeem lav.
Thaum cov coagulant ntxiv rau hauv dej, qhov concentration ntawm H+ hauv dej nce ntxiv vim yog qhov hydrolysis ntawm cov coagulant, uas ua rau tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej poob qis thiab cuam tshuam rau hydrolysis. Yuav kom khaws cov pH nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov dej yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj alkaline txaus los neutralize H+. Cov dej ntuj muaj qee qib ntawm alkalinity (feem ntau yog HCO3-), uas tuaj yeem neutralize H+ tsim thaum lub sijhawm hydrolysis ntawm cov coagulant, thiab muaj cov nyhuv buffering rau tus nqi pH. Thaum cov alkalinity ntawm cov dej nyoos tsis txaus lossis cov coagulant ntxiv ntau dhau, tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej yuav poob qis heev, rhuav tshem cov nyhuv coagulation.
3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv dej
Qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me thiab kev them nyiaj ntawm SS hauv dej yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov coagulation effect. Feem ntau hais lus, lub cheeb ntawm cov khoom me me yog me me thiab sib xws, thiab cov nyhuv coagulation tsis zoo; qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom me me hauv dej tsawg, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom me me, uas tsis zoo rau coagulation; thaum qhov turbidity loj, txhawm rau kom tsis ruaj khov lub colloid hauv dej, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. Thaum muaj ntau cov organic teeb meem nyob hauv dej, nws tuaj yeem raug adsorbed los ntawm cov av nplaum, yog li hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom colloidal qub, ua rau cov khoom colloidal ruaj khov dua, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv coagulation. Lub sijhawm no, yuav tsum ntxiv cov oxidant rau hauv dej kom rhuav tshem cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom organic, txhim kho cov nyhuv coagulation.
Cov ntsev uas yaj hauv dej kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov coagulation effect. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj ntau cov calcium thiab magnesium ions nyob hauv dej ntuj, nws ua rau coagulation, thaum ntau Cl- tsis ua rau coagulation. Thaum lub caij dej nyab, cov dej turbidity siab uas muaj ntau cov humus nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag vim yog cov dej nag ntws, thiab cov tshuaj pre-chlorination thiab coagulant feem ntau siv yog raws li qhov no.
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej txuag dej sab nraud
Cov xwm txheej yooj yim rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal yog kom tsis ruaj khov cov khoom me me colloidal, thiab ua rau cov khoom me me colloidal uas tsis ruaj khov sib tsoo nrog ib leeg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov coagulant yog kom tsis ruaj khov cov khoom me me colloidal, thiab kev sib xyaw hydraulic sab nraud yog kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom me me colloidal tuaj yeem sib cuag nrog cov coagulant, yog li cov khoom me me colloidal sib tsoo nrog ib leeg los tsim cov flocs.
Yuav kom cov khoom me me colloidal sib cuag tag nrho nrog cov coagulant, cov coagulant yuav tsum tau sai thiab sib npaug zos rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev dej tom qab cov coagulant muab tso rau hauv dej, feem ntau hu ua kev sib xyaw sai, uas xav tau hauv 10 txog 30 vib nas this thiab tsis pub tshaj 2 feeb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws.
5. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm dej cuam tshuam rau lub nra hnyav
Kev poob dej yog hais txog kev poob dej tsis tu ncua lossis tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej nyoos, uas hloov pauv sai heev. Kev siv dej hauv nroog ntawm cov chaw ua dej thiab kev hloov kho ntawm qhov ntim dej sab saud yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem dej siab tshaj plaws hauv lub caij ntuj sov, uas ua rau cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hloov pauv ntau heev, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho ntau zaus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Thiab cov nyhuv dej tom qab poob dej tsis zoo tagnrho. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis nce linearly. Tom qab ntawd, them sai sai rau kev soj ntsuam cov alum hauv lub tank tshuaj tiv thaiv, kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem cov nyhuv coagulation vim yog ntau dhau.
6. Cov khoom ua kom cov dej khovkev txuag nyiaj
Ntxiv rau cov yam saum toj no, kuj tseem muaj qee qhov kev ntsuas txuag tshuaj, xws li nce tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib tov hauv cov kua dej, txo cov dej nag ntawm cov khoom khov ntawm cov tshuaj, ua kom cov tshuaj ruaj khov, thiab txuag kev siv tshuaj.
Yog tias polyacrylamide xav txuag cov nqi siv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv tus qauv tsim nyog. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog xaiv cov polyacrylamide nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob, qhov kim tsis tas yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tsis txhob sim pheej yig kom ua rau cov dej khib nyiab tsis zoo, tab sis ua rau tus nqi nce ntxiv. Xaiv tus neeg sawv cev uas tsis tsuas yog txo cov dej noo ntawm cov sludge, tab sis kuj txo qhov koob tshuaj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev. Ua cov kev sim flocculation ntawm cov qauv tshuaj muab, xaiv ob lossis peb hom tshuaj nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sim, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov kev sim ntawm lub tshuab kom pom cov txiaj ntsig av nkos kawg thiab txiav txim siab hom tshuaj kawg.
Feem ntau, polyacrylamide yog cov khoom khov kho. Nws yuav tsum tau npaj rau hauv cov kua dej nrog qee qhov solubility. Qhov concentration feem ntau yog ntawm 0.1% thiab 0.3%. Concentrated dhau los yog nyias dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv, pov tseg cov tshuaj, nce tus nqi, thiab yaj cov granular polymerization. Cov dej rau cov khoom yuav tsum huv (xws li dej kais), tsis yog dej phwj. Dej ntawm chav tsev kub txaus, feem ntau tsis tas yuav ua kom sov. Thaum qhov kub ntawm dej qis dua 5 ° C, qhov yaj qeeb heev, thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev yaj sai dua thaum qhov kub ntawm dej nce. Tab sis saum toj no 40 ℃ yuav ua rau cov polymer puas tsuaj sai dua thiab cuam tshuam rau kev siv. Feem ntau, dej kais yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov tshuaj polymer. Cov kua qaub muaj zog, alkali muaj zog, dej ntsev ntau tsis haum rau kev npaj.
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub sijhawm kho thaum npaj cov tshuaj, kom cov tshuaj yaj tag nrho hauv dej thiab tsis sib xyaw ua ke, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev pov tseg xwb, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv ntawm kev tsim cov av nkos. Cov ntaub lim dej thiab cov kav dej kuj yooj yim txhaws, ua rau muaj kev pov tseg rov qab. Thaum tsim cov tshuaj, lub sijhawm khaws cia tsawg. Feem ntau hais lus, thaum qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj yog 0.1%, cov tshuaj polymer uas tsis yog anionic yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib lub lim tiam, thiab cov tshuaj polymer cationic yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib hnub.
Tom qab npaj tus neeg sawv cev, thaum lub sijhawm dosing, them sai sai rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av nkos zoo thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov av nkos, thiab kho qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm tus neeg sawv cev raws sijhawm kom ua tiav qhov piv txwv dosing zoo dua.
Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom qhuav, thiab lub hnab tshuaj yuav tsum kaw. Thaum siv, siv ntau li ntau tau, thiab kaw cov tshuaj tsis siv kom tsis txhob muaj dej noo. Thaum npaj cov tshuaj, yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob teeb tsa ntau li ntau tau, thiab cov kua uas tau muab tso rau lub sijhawm ntev yooj yim hydrolyzed thiab siv tsis tau lawm.
Cov khoom siv zoo khiav, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyiaj tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kev pabcuam tom qab muag zoo dua; Peb kuj yog ib tsev neeg loj sib koom ua ke, txhua tus neeg nyob nrog lub koom haum muab nqi "kev koom ua ke, kev txiav txim siab, kev kam rau siab" rau Quots rauPolyacrylamideFlocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Dej Kho Polyacrylamide, Peb zoo siab tos txais cov phooj ywg los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev ua neej txhua hnub los nrhiav kev koom tes thiab tsim kom muaj kev ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj dua tag kis. "polyelectrolyte"
Cov Lus Hais Rau Tuam Tshoj Tshuaj Lom Zem Thiab Kev Kho Dej Pov Tseg, Nrog lub zog ntxiv thiab kev ntseeg siab dua, peb tau nyob ntawm no los pab peb cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev muab cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev pabcuam, thiab peb ua tsaug rau koj txoj kev txhawb nqa. Peb yuav siv zog los tswj peb lub koob npe zoo ua tus neeg muab khoom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis lus tawm tswv yim, koj yuav tsumtiv tauj pebywj siab.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-04-2022