Kev kho cov kab mob me me ntawm cov dej phwj yog muab ntau hom kab mob me me zoo tso rau hauv cov dej phwj, uas txhawb nqa kev tsim sai ntawm lub ecosystem sib npaug hauv lub cev dej nws tus kheej, uas tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov neeg lwj, cov neeg tsim khoom, thiab cov neeg siv khoom xwb. Cov pa phem tuaj yeem kho thiab siv tau zoo dua, thiab yog li ntau cov saw hlau zaub mov tuaj yeem tsim, tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus hla kev sib txuas. Ib qho kev sib npaug zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm ecological tuaj yeem tsim tau yog tias qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab lub zog sib piv raug tswj hwm ntawm cov theem trophic. Thaum qee qhov dej phwj nkag mus rau hauv lub ecosystem no, cov pa phem organic hauv nws tsis yog tsuas yog lwj thiab ntxuav los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pwm, tab sis cov khoom kawg ntawm lawv qhov kev lwj, qee cov tshuaj inorganic, yog siv ua cov pa roj carbon, cov pa nitrogen thiab cov phosphorus, thiab lub zog hnub ci yog siv ua lub zog pib. , koom nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub vas sab zaub mov, thiab maj mam tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab hloov pauv ntawm qib trophic qis mus rau qib trophic siab, thiab thaum kawg hloov mus ua cov qoob loo hauv dej, ntses, cws, mussels, geese, os thiab lwm yam khoom muaj sia nyob, thiab los ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ua thiab ntxiv cov kev ntsuas kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej hauv dej, ua kom qhov zoo nkauj thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej, thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev eutrophication ntawm cov dej.
1. Kev kho cov dej phwj tuaj nrog cov kab mob me mefeem ntau tshem tawm cov pa phem organic (BOD, COD cov tshuaj) hauv cov dej phwj hauv cov dej phwj, thiab tus nqi tshem tawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%, yog li cov pa phem organic tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm.
(1) BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), uas yog "biochemical oxygen demand" lossis "biological oxygen demand", yog ib qho qhia tsis ncaj qha ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic matter hauv dej. Nws feem ntau yog hais txog ib feem ntawm cov organic matter uas yooj yim oxidized uas muaj nyob rau hauv 1L ntawm cov dej phwj lossis cov qauv dej uas yuav tsum tau kuaj. Thaum cov kab mob oxidize thiab decompose nws, cov pa oxygen yaj hauv dej haus hauv milligrams (chav tsev yog mg / L). Cov xwm txheej ntsuas ntawm BOD feem ntau yog teev tseg ntawm 20 ° C rau 5 hnub thiab hmo ntuj, yog li lub cim BOD5 feem ntau siv.
(2) COD (kev thov pa oxygen) yog kev thov pa oxygen, uas yog qhov qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic hauv dej. (chav yog mg/L). Cov tshuaj oxidants uas siv ntau yog K2Cr2O7 lossis KMnO4. Ntawm lawv, K2Cr2O7 feem ntau siv, thiab COD ntsuas tau sawv cev los ntawm "COD Cr".
2. Kev kho cov kab mob me me Cov dej phwj tuaj yeem muab faib ua aerobic treatment system thiab anaerobic treatment system raws li lub xeev ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov txheej txheem kho.
1. Kev kho mob aerobic
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej aerobic, cov kab mob me me nqus cov organic teeb meem hauv ib puag ncig, oxidize thiab decompose nws mus rau hauv cov khoom inorganic, ntxuav cov dej phwj tuaj, thiab synthesize cov khoom cellular tib lub sijhawm. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxuav cov dej phwj tuaj, cov kab mob me me muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sludge ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm biofilm.
Txoj kev no yog ib txoj kev kho mob biological nrog biofilm ua lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav. Biofilm yog ib daim nyias nyias uas txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub carrier thiab feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob micelles. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm biofilm zoo ib yam li cov sludge activated hauv cov txheej txheem sludge activated, thiab nws cov kab mob me me kuj zoo sib xws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxuav dej phwj yog qhov adsorption thiab oxidative decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej phwj los ntawm biofilm txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub carrier. Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov nruab nrab thiab dej, txoj kev biofilm suav nrog txoj kev tig biological thiab txoj kev lim dej biological tower.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anoxic, txoj kev siv cov kab mob anaerobic (suav nrog cov kab mob facultative anaerobic) los rhuav tshem cov pa phem hauv cov dej phwj kuj hu ua anaerobic digestion lossis anaerobic fermentation. Vim tias cov khoom fermentation tsim methane, nws kuj hu ua methane fermentation. Txoj kev no tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cov pa phem ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj tsim cov bio-energy, yog li tib neeg them sai sai. Anaerobic fermentation ntawm cov dej phwj yog ib qho ecosystem nyuaj heev, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kab mob sib hloov, txhua tus xav tau cov substrates thiab cov xwm txheej sib txawv, tsim ib qho ecosystem nyuaj. Methane fermentation suav nrog peb theem: theem liquefaction, hydrogen ntau lawm thiab theem acetic acid ntau lawm thiab theem methane ntau lawm.
Kev kho dej phwj tuaj yeem muab faib ua thawj zaug, theem ob thiab theem peb raws li qib kev kho mob.
Kev kho thawj zaug: Nws feem ntau tshem tawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej phwj, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem kho lub cev tsuas yog ua tiav cov kev cai ntawm kev kho thawj zaug. Tom qab kev kho thawj zaug ntawm cov dej phwj, BOD feem ntau tuaj yeem tshem tawm li 30%, uas tsis ua tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm. Kev kho thawj zaug yog kev ua ntej ntawm kev kho thib ob.
Cov txheej txheem kho mob thawj zaug yog: cov dej phwj uas tau dhau los ntawm cov kab sib tsoo yog tsa los ntawm lub twj tso dej phwj - dhau los ntawm cov kab sib tsoo lossis lub lim dej - thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub chamber grit - cov dej phwj sib cais los ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab dej nkag mus rau hauv lub tank sedimentation thawj zaug, qhov saum toj no yog: Kev ua thawj zaug (piv txwv li kev ua lub cev). Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub chamber grit yog tshem tawm cov khoom inorganic nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb loj. Cov chav grit feem ntau siv yog cov chav grit advection, cov chav grit aerated, Dole grit chambers thiab cov chav grit hom tswb.
Kev kho mob thib ob: Nws feem ntau tshem tawm cov colloidal thiab cov organic pollutants yaj (BOD, COD cov tshuaj) hauv cov dej phwj, thiab tus nqi tshem tawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%, yog li cov organic pollutants tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm.
Cov txheej txheem kho mob thib ob yog: cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub tank sedimentation thawj zaug nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob biological, suav nrog txoj kev ua sludge thiab biofilm txoj kev, (lub reactor ntawm txoj kev ua sludge muaj xws li lub tank aeration, oxidation ditch, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev biofilm suav nrog Biological filter tank, biological turntable, biological contact oxidation method thiab biological fluidized bed), cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob biological nkag mus rau hauv lub tank sedimentation thib ob, thiab cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub tank sedimentation thib ob raug tso tawm tom qab tua kab mob lossis nkag mus rau hauv kev kho mob thib peb.
Kev kho mob theem peb: feem ntau yog cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv organic uas tsis ruaj khov, cov khoom siv inorganic uas yaj tau xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus uas tuaj yeem ua rau
rau eutrophication ntawm lub cev dej. Cov txheej txheem siv suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus thiab kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev sib xyaw ua ke, txoj kev ntsuas tus nqi xuab zeb, txoj kev nqus cov pa roj carbon activated, txoj kev pauv pauv ion thiab txoj kev ntsuas electroosmosis.
Cov txheej txheem kho mob theem peb yog raws li nram no: ib feem ntawm cov sludge hauv lub tank sedimentation theem ob rov qab mus rau lub tank sedimentation thawj zaug lossis cov khoom siv kho mob biological, thiab ib feem ntawm cov sludge nkag mus rau hauv lub tank sludge thickening, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub tank zom sludge. Tom qab dewatering thiab ziab cov khoom siv, cov sludge thaum kawg siv.
Txawm hais tias nws yog tus neeg yuav khoom tshiab lossis tus neeg yuav khoom qub, peb ntseeg tias kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob ammonia degrading rau kev kho dej hauv Suav teb, kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab mob aerobic thiab kev sib raug zoo, peb txais tos cov neeg siv khoom tshiab thiab qub los tiv tauj peb ntawm xov tooj ntawm tes lossis xa email los nug peb kom tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes ua lag luam ntev thiab kev sib koom ua tiav.
Kev Kho Mob Dej Pov TsegTuam Tshoj Kab Mob Tshwj Xeeb Tsim, Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Kho Dej Kab Mob, ua ib tug neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm zoo, muaj tswv yim tshiab thiab muaj zog, peb tau saib xyuas txhua yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsim qauv, tsim khoom, muag khoom thiab faib khoom. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, peb tsis yog ua raws li tab sis ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam zam. Peb mloog zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom cov lus tawm tswv yim thiab muab kev sib txuas lus tam sim ntawd. Koj yuav hnov peb qhov kev txawj ntse thiab kev pabcuam zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-11-2022